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Genome India Project: Sequencing 10,000 Genomes for Precision Healthcare and Disease Understanding

NextEdge Admin

10 Apr 2024

2 min 51 sec

India recently achieved a significant milestone with the completion of the Genome India Project (GIP), announced by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT). This initiative involved sequencing 10,000 genomes of the Indian population to establish a comprehensive, Indian reference genome, making it the largest of its kind. The primary objective is to utilize genetic information to deeply understand diseases affecting the Indian population and develop targeted interventions.

Samples from over 99 ethnic groups were collected by 20 institutions, creating a reference genetic database and a biobank of blood samples for future research. Gujarat Biotechnology Research Center contributed 860 samples from 10 communities in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.

Addressing the challenge posed by India’s genetic diversity, especially in populations like the North-Eastern communities, which exhibit susceptibilities to specific diseases uncommon in other regions, the GIP, with a budget of Rs 238 crore, focused on decoding the entire Indian genome using advanced genetic science to tackle health concerns at their roots.

Gene samples collected nationwide underwent whole genome sequencing, and the data, totaling approximately 80,000 GB, is stored at the Indian Biological Data Centre (IBDC) in Faridabad. The Genome India Project team is actively working to make the database accessible for researchers, with ongoing projects exploring the information derived from the genome sequences.

The project’s significance is highlighted by its potential applications in addressing genetic diseases, given the more than 72,000 rare disease cases in India. The GIP has given valuable data for targeted policy implementation and treatment guidelines.

However, ethical considerations and caution against discriminatory practices are crucial. The GIP has the potential to generate widespread interest in genetic engineering, showcasing its power to combat rare diseases and reshape the landscape of preventive and therapeutic healthcare in India.