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Recent Updates on Advances and Challenges in Breast Cancer Precision Treatment

NextEdge Admin

08 Mar 2024

2 min 55 sec

As per the article recently published in The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific – Breast cancer, the most frequently diagnosed global cancer, claimed 685,000 lives in 2020, necessitating urgent advances in therapeutics. Precision treatment, an evolving strategy tailored to individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle, has the potential to revolutionize breast cancer care. Initially perceived as locoregional, the recognition of breast cancer as a systemic disease emerged with the success of systemic chemotherapy. Molecular subtyping, guided by HR and HER2 status, has become the standard for treatment strategies. The three key subtypes are HR-positive, HER2-positive, and TNBC, each posing distinct challenges.

For HR-positive breast cancer, endocrine therapy is a mainstay, but heterogeneity and long-term recurrence risks persist. The monarchE trial’s latest data on CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib shows promise, yet non-responsiveness remains an issue, requiring further exploration.

HER2-positive breast cancer benefits from anti-HER2 antibodies, but the recent revelation of HER2-low breast cancer, comprising 55% of cases, adds complexity. Trastuzumab deruxtecan, an anti-HER2 ADC, showcased positive results in the DESTINY-Breast04 trial, marking a significant stride in HER2-low breast cancer treatment.

TNBC, with its aggressive nature and poor prognosis, relies on chemotherapy, and recent Keynote-522 data highlights the benefits of adding anti-programmed cell death protein-1 antibody pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, TNBC’s diverse histopathological landscapes lead to drug resistance and off-target effects.

Amidst breakthroughs, omics technologies refine breast cancer subtyping beyond traditional features. FUTURE trials, including FUTURE-SUPER, demonstrate the potential of subtyping-based regimens in TNBC, with longer progression-free survival noted.

Challenges include population-based genotyping variations, high costs, and limited clinical trials for precision treatments. Future research must focus on individualized strategies, new drugs for novel subtypes, and region-specific trials to fully grasp the potential of precision medicine in breast cancer treatment.