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Ovarian Carcinoma Biomarkers: Signposts for Tailored Targeted Treatments

NextEdge Admin

01 Dec 2023

3 min 38 sec

Identifying relevant biomarkers in ovarian carcinoma is crucial for guiding targeted therapies. Here are some key biomarkers associated with targeted therapies for ovarian carcinoma:

1. BRCA1/BRCA2 Mutations:

– Patients with mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes may benefit from targeted therapies, particularly PARP inhibitors such as olaparib, rucaparib, and niraparib. These drugs exploit the impaired DNA repair mechanisms in BRCA-mutated tumors.

2. Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD):

– HRD is a broader biomarker beyond BRCA mutations. Tumors with HRD may also respond to PARP inhibitors, expanding the scope of targeted therapy options.

3. HER2 Amplification:

– Ovarian carcinomas with HER2 amplification may respond to HER2-targeted therapies, including drugs like trastuzumab. This approach is borrowed from successful treatments in HER2-positive breast cancer.

4. Angiogenesis Markers:

– Targeting angiogenesis is a strategy employed in ovarian carcinoma. Bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenic agent, may be used in tumors exhibiting high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

5. PD-L1 Expression:

– Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab, may be considered for ovarian carcinomas expressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). This approach aims to harness the immune system to combat the cancer.

6. Microsatellite Instability (MSI):

– Tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI-H) may respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab. MSI status is crucial in determining the suitability of immunotherapy.

7. CCNE1 Amplification:

– Amplification of the CCNE1 gene is associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Targeted therapies aimed at CCNE1 amplification are being explored as an alternative treatment strategy.

8. PI3K Pathway Alterations:

– Genetic alterations in the PI3K pathway, including mutations in the PIK3CA gene, may render tumors sensitive to PI3K inhibitors. This targeted approach aims to disrupt signaling pathways promoting cancer cell survival and growth.

9. Folate Receptor Alpha (FRα):

– Ovarian carcinomas overexpressing FRα may be targeted with folate receptor-targeted therapies, which are under investigation for their efficacy in FRα-positive tumors.

10. CDK4/6 Pathway Alterations:

– Dysregulation of the CDK4/6 pathway is observed in some ovarian carcinomas. Targeted therapies inhibiting CDK4/6, such as palbociclib, are being explored as potential treatment options.

The evolving field of targeted therapies continues to explore new biomarkers and refine existing approaches for improved outcomes in ovarian cancer patients.